DAKWAH RASUL SAW BEFORE THE TREATY
THE TA’IF REFUSAL UPON RASUL SAW INVITATION TO EMBRACE ISLAM
The hostility of the Quraysh towards the Messenger of Allah SAW and his Sahabah has become maliciously intense after the refusal of his invitation to Islam by the Ta’if.
Knowing that Allah SWT sent him with the message of Islam and he never doubted that Allah SWT would help and protect him and secure the establishment of the Deen. The Messenger of Allah SAW never gave up of approaching tribes and invite them to embrace Islam, he offered himself to them, without any worry at the slightest of the consequences.
1st PLEDGE OF AL-AQABA
During the Hajj season, Rasululloh SAW met the Al-Khazraj from Yathrib, Medinnah in the shape of group. He met them for the first time and invited them to Islam.
They looked to eachother and said, “By Allah this is the very Prophet of whom the Jews warned us about. Do not let them get to him before us.”
They further said, “We have left our people (al-aws and al-Khazraj), for no tribes are so divided by hatred and rancor as they. Perhaps Allah will unite them through you, if so, then no man will be mightier then you.”
Very soon every household were talking about Rasul SAW.
2nd Pledge of Al-Aqaba
After the 12th years of da’wah, Rasululloh SAW during the next time of Hajj, people of Medinah returned to Mecca, here Rasul SAW was given account about the rapid growth and spread of Muslims and Islam and that Islam has became a center stage.
Knowing that Islam has become deeply rooted in the heart of the people of Medinah, Rasululloh has thought of sending his Sahabah for emigrating to Medinah, considering that the da’wah in Mecca has become in a very least position and to escape the exertion of energy towards the persecution and oppression by the Qurays.
MECCAN SOCIETY CHARACTERISTIC
*Very hard to approach
*Stubborn
*Ruthless
*Misguided
*Shallow minded
Not to forget that Mecca was the center of shirk; deeply rooted idolatrous, polytheism in the heart of the people.
Later, the reason to emigrate was prompted as to spread Islam worldwide and to implement it in the society. After, assessing every matters needed, The pledge of war, a pledge of fighting that would form the Islamic State were accepted by the 2nd pledge of Al-Aqaba, this become the foundation of a state with the power to protect it.
ESTABLISHING THE ISLAMIC STATE
Allah’s Messenger SAW founded the Islamic State from the very first day he arrived in Madinah and began to structure it by forming the society on a solid foundation as well as by gathering the appropriate forces in order to be able to protect the State and convey the Message. With this accomplished, he SAW could begin to remove the material obstacles that stood in the way of the spreading of Islam.
Knowing that Islam was deeply rooted in the mind and action of the people of Madinah upon the acceptance of the bai’a also the material support; the military aggression was inevitable in order to convey the da’wah; to put the dien of Allah the highest and to free the people from the tyranny of the current leaders at that time.
The Numberof battle was launched such were; the battle of badr, battle of al-adzab, battle of the trench and so forth.
Also dealing with a number of jews tiribes was unavoidable. These were; bane quraidah, bane qainuqa, bane nade, etc.
THE TREATY OF AL-HUDAIBIYAH
Time: 6 years since the emigration of Allah’s Messenger SAW
Reason: news of the people of Khaybar(North of Medinah) and the Qurays(South of Medinah) has conspired to raid the Muslims. Upon hearing this news, Rasul SAW has designed a strategy to have a peace treaty with the Qurays, hoping that will make his way much easier to spread the da’wah of his Deen through the Arabian Peninsula and to isolate the Jewish of Khaybar
This is the content of the Hudaibyah Treaty;
HUDAIBIYAH TREATY:
- To lay aside from war and refrain from hostilities during period of the truce.
- If anyone from the quraysh embraced Islam and came to Muhammed SAW without the permission of his guardian, he would return him to them, and if anyone from those with Muhammad came to the Quraysh, they need not to return him to Muhammad.
- Whosoever wished from amongst the Arabs to enter into an alliance with Muhammad could do so, and he who wished to enter into an alliance with the Quraysh could do so.
- The Muslims and Muhammad’s Companions had to retreat from Makkah that year and return the following year when they would be free to enter Makkah and stay there three nights. They would be allowed to carry swords in their sheaths and nothing more.
- The treaty was for a limited period of time, ten years from the date of its ratification.
POLITICAL ACHIEVEMENTS UPON THE TREATY
- The Messenger of Allah SAW managed to create public opinion for the Message of Islam among the Arabs in general and among the Qurays in particular. This enhanced the respect of the Muslims and diminished that of Qurays.
To achieve this plan, Rasul SAW announced that he was to go on the Hajj( as a tool of propaganda if it was opposed by the qurays)
in the sacred month of Dhul al-Qa’dah (Arabs will not fight in this sacred month).
Allong with the Rasul who was in Ihram( to clarify that he only intended to visit the sacred house of Allah, not to fight), were:
· She camel, Quswa’ (all together = 70 camels)
· Non Muslim Arabs ( emphasizing that he did not want to fight)
· The Sahabah (all together = 1400 men)
2. The belief and trust of the Muslims in Allah’s Messenger SAW was demonstrated. It proved theat the Iman of the Muslims was unshakeble, their courage and readiness to sacrifice themselves were second to none.
*Negotiation between the Qurays and Rasul Allah SAW
*Rasul and Sahabah camp = Usfan
The Qurays camp = Dhi Thuwa
*Suhayl ibn Amr messenger of the Qurays
*Uthman messenger of Rasul
*News about the killing of Uthman
*Bai’at al-Ridwan upon the News of Uthman under the tree. Allah revelation: QS Al-Fath 48:18
*Signing the treaty
*Abu Jandal opposed the signing of the treaty, but Rasul SAW advice him to be patient as this treaty has to be done in order to achieve the promise of Allah for the victory of His Deen.
*Umar had always been the man with anger upon this idea of peace treaty with the Qurays, suggesting Abu Jandal to take his sword to kill his Father Suhayl Ibnu Amr
*The Messenger of Allah SAW came out the next day after signing the treaty, shaved his head and slaughter his animals, marking the ‘Umrah after which he felt calm and satisfied. Then the sahabah followed what his doing.
3. The Muslims learned that political maneuvers (military exercises) were an effective means to promote the Islamic Da’wah.
4. The Muslims who remained in Makkah among the disbelievers formed a pocket within the enemy’s stronghold.
5. The Hudaybiyah treaty demonstrated that the method in politics is derived from the same thought (source), truthfulness and faithfulness. However, the means must be coupled with shrewdness (wisdom, reasonableness) and this can be achieved by concealing the means and the real aims from the enemy.
LESSONS WE CAN DRAW TODAY
The Seerah of Prophet Rasul SAW clearly demonstrates that Islam permits the establishment of international treaties through the Treaty of Hudaybiyah; this is also proven through the texts of the Qur’an.
TMQ Al-Anfal 8:61
“If they incline to cease fighting, accept that from them and put your faith in Allah.”
TMQ Al-Anfal 8:72
“If they (Muslims outside the Islamic State) seek your support, then lend them your support, save against those nations you have a treaty with.”
TMQ At-Tauba 9:7
“Except for those who you established treaties with at Masjid al-Haram (Makkah). As long as they keep their obligations towards you, you should keep your obligations towards them”
Although Islam permits such treaties, however, they need to meet the specific legal conditions in order to be considered valid. These are:
A. The Key components of the treaty.
Invalid = one of them absent
- The parties to the treaty (two or more states)
- The subject matter of the treaty e.g. cease fire
- The text of the treaty e.g. the Hudaybiyah Treaty, “This is what Muhammad bin ‘Abdullah agreed upon with Suheil bin Amir…etc”
B. The primary conditions of the treaty.
Nullify = one of them absent
- The parties to the agreement should have the authority to resolve and regulate the subject matter of the treaty.
- It should be the result of free will, untainted (uncontaminated) with cheating (e.g. false maps) or duress (by force).The only exception to that is cease-fire agreements which by definition contain an element of duress but are valid nevertheless.
- The subject matter of the treaty must be existent and legal. Allah says in surah Al-Baqarah verse 191: “And evict them from wherever they have evicted you.
- Other primary conditions of regular contracts such as the existence of a mutual and simultaneous agreement to the treaty.
C. The secondary conditions of the treaty (the absence of any of these conditions can but does not necessarily void the treaty)
- No treaty can be established with another state which is in a state of war with the Muslims, other than a cease fire treaty, since treaty implies (imply = involve) the sanctity (purity or holiness) of life and property of the state’s (the state that the Khilafah is in war with) citizens, a contradiction to the laws of war that would be in effect. However, following the materialization of a cease fire treaty, other kinds of treaties can be established with that state.
- A new treaty cannot contradict an already established treaty. Reneging (renege = break a promise/word = reverse back) on an obligation = haram. Allah says in Al-Baqarah 2:40, “And honor your obligations towards Me, so I would honor obligations towards you, and fear none but Me.” And also in Al-Ma’idah 5:1, “O you who believe, honor your contracts.” E.g. The treaty that was established by Umar bin Al Khatab when conquered Al-Quds, it gave commitment, upon their request to the original inhabitants to prohibit the Jews from residing in Al Quds.
- The text of the treaty must be detailed enough to alleviate (lessen) any anticipated (probable) disagreements on the subject matter. Therefore, treaties cannot be equivocal (Unclear). Allah says in An-Nahl 16:94, “Do not use your oaths as a way to deceive each other.”
- The treaty should satisfy a specific objective in the state’s foreign policy. It should advance the goal of Islam’s foreign policy: Carrying the Islamic Da’wah.
- The treaty cannot include any illegal terms. The Prophet SAW said, “The Muslims a bide by their conditions except for a condition that makes an illegal issue legal or makes a legal issue illegal.”
- Treaty should be written in Arabic as it is the state’s medium of expression, instruction and correspondence. The Prophet SAW used Arabic in his letters to other heads of a state who were not versed in Arabic. Violate, conduct, per se, bear, waive, imperative situations.
- Treaty must have a time limit. Tabari reports the consensus of scholars on this matter in his book “Al Jihad” page 14. Permanent treaties and semi permanent treaties (treaties for exceedingly long time intervals, e.g. 99years) are haram. Allah says in At-Tauba 9:1,2, “Allah and his Messenger SAW renounce those Mushrikeen you had treaties with. So (grant them) a four month grace period.” The lack of a specific time limit for a treaty rules out the conduct of Jihad in the territory covered by this treaty; The Prophet SAW said, “Jihad continues until the Day Of Judgement.”
According to the above view, clearly Islam defines an International treaty as a temporary agreement between the Islamic state and other states to regulate a lawful aspect of their relations. These relationships are explained and clarified by the Shariah Ruling trhough its principles and conditions that are applicable.
So, how should we view when in 1979, The Egyptian regime signed a peace treaty with Israel. In 1993, the PLO signed an interim peace treaty with Israel. A year later following these pacts, Jordan’s monarch signed a peace treaty with Israel. The treaty between Syrian, Lebanese and Israeli regimes may be signed in the near future.
Any future treaties especially between the Muslim lands and Israel which carried and will carry deep consequences (ramification) to the muslim ummah at large, should we prove or disapprove such treaty? The Prophet SAW said, “Whoever is pleased with the good is like the one who does it. Whoever is pleased with the evil is like the one who does it.’’
This ruling should serve as the basis for our actions regarding these treaties. The Prophet SAW said, “He who witnesses an evil should change it by his hand. If he cannot, he should change it by his tongue. If he cannot, he should change it by his heart And that is the weakest of Iman.”
Sisters, in this case, we must disapprove such treaties, we can not compare it to the Hudaybiyah Treaty because of a number of reasons:
1. The absence of the Islamic State
2. There is no legal representative of the Ummah i.e. the Khaleefah
3. Entity of a state that was established on the lands of Muslims
4. There is no time limit
5. There is no goal of the foreign policy in Islam i.e. to conduct the da’wah of Islam through out the world
6. Recognition the state of Israel which is illegal
· How the state Israel exists in the world map
· After world war 1 1917 Palestine has become the British Colony
· British support towards the Jewish migration back to Arab country, specially in the land of Palestine
· During the 1930s, Jews persecuted by the Hitler regime poured into Palestine. The postwar acknowledgment of the Holocaust—Hitler's genocide of 6 million Jews—increased international interest in and sympathy for the cause of Zionism
· British knew about the fact of the promise land, and take the advantages to keep Muslim country and its neighboring to be busy fighting against its enemy, here Britain and France began to
· 1. Propagate non-Islamic ideas such as nationalism and secularism, through specific intellectuals, such as the Orentalists and others recruited from among the Arabs and Turks.
· 2. to establish permanent relationships and connections with some influential families in the region, such as the Hashemites Kigdom of Jordan, the Sa’uds and the Gulf Sheikhs. Until today, these families provide mush assistance and support Europe and other colonialist powers.
· 3. This was engineered by the Britain, was to establish a permanent political entity for the Jews in Palestine
Many discussions took place in Britain, among both Zionists and British officials:
i. to define the borders of this new entity
ii. to define the nature of this entity; separate or complete independence
· 4. Idea of sectarian lines in order to divide the muslim ummah
7. An alteration to the existed truce of the ‘Umari covenant The treaty that was established by Umar bin Al Khatab when conquered Al-Quds, it gave commitment, upon their request to the original inhabitants to prohibit the Jews from residing in Al Quds (Jerusalem).
"Advise Dr. Herzl not to take any further steps in his project. I can not give away a handful of the soil of this land for it is not my own, it is for all the Islamic Nation. The Islamic Nation that fought Jihad for the sake of this land and they have watered it with their blood. The Jews may keep their money and millions. If the Islamic Khalifah State is one day destroyed then they will be able to take Palestine without a price! But while I am alive, I would rather push a sword into my body than see the land of Palestine cut and given away from the Islamic State. This is something that will not be, I will not start cutting our bodies while we are alive." - Sultan Abdul Hameed's refusal to see Theodor Herzl, founder of the Zionist movement
8. The truce is not for the benefit of the Islamic state and the muslim ummah, rather it is for the interest of the United State of America and the European colonialist country such as Britain and France.
9. The truce involves the colonialist countries as if they are the helper or the problem solver, Allah SWT clearly says in Al-Maidah: 5, “O you who believe! Take not the Jews and the Christians for your friends and protectors: They are but friends and protectors to each other. And he amongst you that turns to them for friendship is of them. Verily Allah guides not a people unjust.”
Certainly to applying such method that is touch once through the seerah of Rasul Saw and through the texts of Qur’an that are the words of Allah SWT, it involves a great deal of sacrifices and lives and Allah SWT will forward us victory, and His promise is true. Allah SWT says in As-Saff: 10-13:
“O You who believe! Shall I guide you to a commerce that will save you from a painful torment: That you believe in Allah and His Messenger, and that you strive hard and fight in the Cause of Allah with your wealth and your lives, that will be better for you? If you but know! (If you do so) He will forgive you your sins and admit you into Gardens under which rivers flow, and pleasant dwelling in Gardens of ‘Aden Eternity (‘Aden Paradise), that is indeed the great success. And also (He will give you) another (blessing) which you love, help from Allah against your enemies and a near victory and give glad tidings O Muhammad to the believers.”
Sisters, you know and I know, that the only solutions to the conflict in the Middle East is the reestablishment of the Khilafah, the jews will be defeated, muslim lands will be freed, corruption will no longer exist, rulers and regimes will be thrown out and borders will be destroyed!
And that there will be no news like:
· The question is not who murder pier Al-Jumaeil but rather the culture which created the atmosphere which permits it: whether Israel is responsible directly or not, there is no doubt that the culture of violence which Israel planted in the region is greatly responsible for much of the violence that characterized the region for more than half a century. In the view of this Lebanese journalist the western world will know one day what a grave mistake they committed by planting a racist state in the heart of the region. However at these sad times the Lebanese have to move from the period of shock to the period of finding solutions towards consolidating the civil peace in the country. The peaceful coexistence between the 18 religious sects in Lebanon is after all the best answer to the Zionists and to all who agitate cultural based conflicts. Dr. Salim Nazzal is a Palestinian historian. He has written extensively on social and political issues in the Middle East .E mail: gibran44@hotmail.com
· Al-Jazeerah Editor's note:
UN reports, US military commanders, and Iraqi officials reported that more than one hundreds Iraqis were killed every day in the past recent months. However, the Empire corporate media units (AP, Reuters, CNN, Fox News, BBC, etc.) barely report on less than fifty people killed everyday.
Apparently, corporate media have been participant in a concerted effort to cover up the horrors of the US War in Iraq, and make it sound less intense than what it is in reality.
Sometimes, the corporate media do not report any war news at all from Iraq or Afghanistan. They even systematically call daily fighting "violence" to make it sound like "domestic violence," not war.
See Al-Jazeerah Editor's note below with regard to the purported Iraqi Shi'i-Sunni civil war.
Al-Jazeerah comments are in parentheses.
Regarding the purported Iraqi Shi'i-Sunni civil war:
It is inaccurate to describe the war in Iraq as if it is fought between Muslim Shi'is and Muslim Sunnis, as the US corporate media have been trying hard to do.
It is more accurate to describe it as fought between US-led forces and Iraqi resistance fighters. Even killing civilians is part of the war, as the evidence earlier demonstrated that Interior Ministry death squads and British soldiers were caught either targeting or attempting to target civilians to make the war appear as if it is between Shi'is and Sunnis.
This purported Shi'i-Sunni civil war in Iraq aims at distracting Iraqis and dividing their country into three regions, in preparation for a final partition and dismemberment of Iraq. Previous statements of Iraqi elected officials pointed fingers to death squads of the Interior Ministry.
(41 Iraqi Sunni Pedestrians Massacred in a Baghdad Street, 17 Shi'is Killed in Car Bombs, Interior Ministry Death Squads are Blamed).
Moreover, on September 19, 2005, two British soldiers were arrested by Iraqi police for driving a car bomb in a Basra street. They were freed by British forces before being interrogated by Iraqi police. This incident sheds some light on who might be behind car bomb explosions in Iraq.
(British Terrorist Operation in Basra, Tanks on Fire, Four Iraqis Killed, Two Captured British Undercover Soldiers Freed After Demolishing Prison Hollywood Style).
(British Occupation Forces Suspected Behind Sectarian Terrorism in Southern Iraq: The Two British Soldiers Drove a Car Bomb in Basra)
· Many civilians killed during the attack of the Jews arm force, which claimed to be a technical problem.
· The shooting of muslim women by the Jews amongst those who marched in Bait Hanoun in order to save a father and son in the mosque.
· The insults towards Rasul SAW by the Danish artist and The slander towards Islam by The Pope Benedict XVI
Sisters, you know and I know that there is Hugh number of potential in many fields as a weapon to defeat the colonialist’s hegemony.
1. Ideological potential-after the fall of communism, Islam is the only biggest Ideological enemy for the colonialists
2. Geopolitical potential-strategic locations throughout the muslim lands for trading
3. Natural resources potential-oil, fertile soils
4. Populations potential-20% of world populations
5. Military potential-1% recruitment from 1.5 billion populations will provide15 million armies.
6. Human resources and industrial power—will be through the state
And Only with the return of The Khilafah that we are muslims will again be what Allah says in Surah Ali Imran 110:
“Ukhrijat linnasi tak muruna bil ma’rufi wa tan hauna ‘anil munkar wa tuk minuna billah”
“You are the best of peoples, evolved for mankind, enjoining what is right, forbidding what is wrong and believe in Allah”
further He says in At-Taubah 112:
“Wabasyiril mu’minin…
“So proclaim the glad tidings to the believers”
InsyaAllah this will be another reminder for us to work harder towards the da’wah for the return of the Khilafah on the face of the earth.
May Allah make us among those of whom he is pleased with
Oh Allah forgive us for our sins
For the mistakes we made to our parents, our family, our relatives and others
Oh Allah keep the Muslims on the straight path
Oh Allah bless us all the Muslims ummah
Oh Allah make easy for muslims who suffer oppression and poverty through out the muslim lands
Oh Allah bring victory to your ummah as you have promised
Oh Allah awaken and unite ur Ummah 3x
Rabana atina fid dunya hasana
Wa fil ahkirati khasana wakina adzabannar
Huwalloh hu a’lam bi as sowab. Wassalam.
Source:
1. Buku Sirah Nabawiyah sisi Politik (Pengarangnya lupa namanya, sebab bukunya minjem dari Mba Efi...jazakillah kheir ya mba..)
2. The Islamic State, Taqiuddin An Nabahani
3. Khilafah Journal Vol 2, Khilafah Publications
4. The Life of Muhammad, Haykal
5. http://www.hizbut-tahrir.or.id
6. http://www.al-jazeera.net
